Proper pipe sizing is more complex than it seems — and oversizing can be just as problematic as undersizing; Lance MacNevin explains how the PPI’s Plastic Pipe Design Calculator helps designers strike the right balance for efficient, safe plumbing systems.

Launched alongside cultural icons like The Terminator and Purple Rain, ASTM F876 quietly marked the beginning of PEX tubing’s four-decade transformation from a European innovation to the dominant piping material across North America.

Research from the Plastics Pipe Institute notes that chlorine dioxide is much more aggressive on plumbing distribution systems, even at low levels. Specifiers and designers should use caution when considering its use as a chemical disinfectant to treat water for Legionella or other pathogens. 

In Part 3 of this three-part series, learn about closed-loop, open-loop and direct-exchange geothermal systems. The geothermal provisions addressed in the Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal Code are the industry’s most advanced and updated provisions.

In Part 2 of a three-part series, learn how the Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal Code provides standards for radiant heating and cooling, including snow- and ice-melting systems.