Water stagnation in piping because of low or no occupancy offers the perfect breeding ground for Legionella and other waterborne pathogens. For hospitals, it is a critical issue affecting patient health and safety. Read on to discover how regularly flushing lines with water can mitigate the issue.

Plumbing designers and engineers will have the tools and knowledge to mitigate the potential of Legionella growth if they implement the correct actions and abide by relative regulations.

Many multi-building campuses have traditionally used centralized systems to provide heat and hot water to all facilities. As boiler technology advances, however, consideration should be given to utilizing decentralized systems for new projects and retrofits alike.

When designing behavioral health facilities, plumbing professionals must choose environmental designs and products that minimize the risk of patients harming themselves and their caregivers. To do so, they need to understand the risk levels in each facility area.

The codes can be confusing when determining where zone valve boxes should be installed in critical care space, also known as Category 1 space. Read on for some tips on using the code to make those decisions.

With a nationwide shortage of carbon dioxide, breweries are looking at nitrogen substitution for some brewing processes. 

This column relates some of the caveats and facilitates the protection of groundwater resources while ensuring the optimal performance of an aquifer thermal energy transfer system.  

Once a designer has selected the best heat source for the heat pump, the next step is determining whether to use a multipass or single-pass heat pump. In Part 2 of this series, you’ll also learn how to size hot water storage for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reductions.