In-wall water closets include concealed tanks inside the wall, resulting in a clean aesthetic for office, hospitality and other commercial restrooms. Plumbing engineers and designers are responsible for configuring the proper venting and waste removal for these buildings using a variety of fittings and innovative installation techniques.

The second part of this series discusses ventilation options, zoning with thermally activated building systems and high-mass radiant floor cooling, the relationship of heat transfer to radiant cooling, and thermal storage with geothermal heat pumps.

Thermal disinfection or short-term chemical disinfection may kill Legionella bacteria on the surface of the biofilm, but it does not kill bacteria under it. Bacteria can go into a cyst form, encapsulating it inside an amoeba and deep within layers of buildup on a pipe wall covered with biofilm.

Properly calculating the water requirements for expansive medical grounds and supporting buildings is vital to the facility’s infrastructure plan. Here, John Gregory uses square footage and employee counts as part of a systematic approach to determine the gallons per day needed. 

As we continue this domestic hot water series, Ron George discusses the best circumstances to include temperature-actuated balancing valves or pressure-reducing valves in your plumbing design of high-rises and mega-tall buildings.

The design of a building’s plumbing system must go beyond Legionella mitigation and streamline compliance tasks for facility managers. ASHRAE Standard 188, Legionellosis: Risk Management For Building Water Systems, targeted those tasked with maintaining building water systems.

As we continue this series, Ron George discusses thermal expansion tanks, temperature gauges, temperature effects on Legionella bacteria and hot water temperature maintenance cables.

The type of pipe joint plumbing, heating and air system designers spec for modern commercial buildings can affect how simple or challenging installation, commissioning and maintenance will be. Part 1 focuses on grooved, welded and flanged joints.