Thermal insulation is a natural or manufactured material that retards or slows down the flow of heat.

Fuel gas systems can be a safe and economical choice for space heating, water heating or process applications if designed, installed and maintained properly.

Scalding hot water from fixture faucets and fittings accounts for more than 25 percent of all scald burns in children. The elderly and the physically impaired also are at increased risk of scald burns because they have thinner skin and slower reactions. They often cannot recognize a hazard and get out of harm’s way before a serious burn can occur. 

We now know that storing water at 110 F, as was called for in many energy conservation mandates in the 1970s, can lead to an increase in Legionella bacteria growth in the hot water storage and distribution systems, which could eventually lead to outbreaks.

Safe drinking water is a precious commodity. Yet there are no universally recognized and accepted international standards for drinking water. Even where standards do exist and are applied, the number, types and permitted concentrations of contaminants covered may vary significantly from one standard to another.

IAPMO discussions for the 2021 UPC centered around dead legs, Legionella, water heater temperature control and water conservation.

The ICC recently held its committee action hearings, and this is the result of the proposed code changes.

Following good design practices, like installing mechanical joint restraints with concrete thrust blocks will provide for years of trouble-free service for water mains.

Consider the difference in size and the scope of water use required as you begin design on a plumbing system for commercial use.

Code requirement awareness is necessary when designing a hot water return system.