Recognizing contamination risk differences in hot versus cold premise plumbing systems is critically important for plumbing system designers and building operators.

Gary and I have covered a lot of ground in our last six articles in this magazine. We focused on transforming high performing building hot water systems fired with hybrid solar thermal and heat pumps.

In our last article, we dealt with what hot water users really want, and could expect, from their hot water system – if it was designed properly.  Namely, we argue, fast arrival of domestic hot water – short time to tap values.